RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF WELDING START TEMPERATURE AND WELDING MATERIAL STRENGTH GROUP ON THE COLD CRACKING RESISTANCE OF WELDED JOINTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2025-10-56-69Keywords:
high-strength steel, welded joints, cold cracks, heating temperature, strength of welding materials, “Tekken” test, residual stressesAbstract
The article considers the influence of the welding start temperature and the strength group of welding materials on the resistance to the formation of cold cracks (CC) of metal welded joints of high-strength steel RSE500TM. Experimental studies were carried out on “Tekken” technological samples with a thickness of 25.8 mm, welded by automatic welding in the environment of protective gases Ar (82%) + CO2 (18%) with powder wires 5Y42 (brand ESAB FILARC PZ6125), 4Y50 (brand ESAB FILARC PZ6115), 4Y62 (brand KOBELCO DW-A70L) with a diameter of 1.2 mm in the temperature range from minus 20 to 100 °C.
To assess the effect of the studied parameters on the resistance to the formation of CC, metallographic, durometric and numerical studies were carried out, characterizing the reaction of the metal of welded joints to the thermal welding cycle with a running energy of 15.2 kJ/cm.
As a result of experimental studies, it was found that with an increase in the strength class of welding materials, the likelihood of CC formation increases, especially when welding at low temperatures. The low resistance to the formation of CC in this case is due to the significant proportion of the martensitic phase in the structure of the seam metal made with KOBELCO DW-A70L wire and the high (up to 1332 MPa) level of true tensile stresses in the zones of the structural concentration of the Tekken sample.
The most favorable microstructure with maximum resistance to the formation of CC is a ferrite-bainite structure with ferrite of needle morphology. This type of microstructure is typical for welded joints made with ESAB FILARC PZ6125 powder wire, which is less durable than the base metal.
Numerical studies have shown that the magnitude of the maximum true tensile residual stresses linearly depends on the yield strength of the deposited metal and the temperature at which welding begins. At the same time, the strength class of welding materials and, to a lesser extent, the temperature at the beginning of welding have the most significant effect on the magnitude of residual stresses. When the yield strength of the deposited metal changes by 110 MPa, the maximum true tensile residual welding stresses change similarly to 100–120 MPa. The effect of reducing the maximum tensile residual welding stresses from preheating to 100 °C is 26–41 MPa, which does not exceed 3%.
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