APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN FOR PRODUCING SOFT IRON AND PHOSPHORUS-RICH SLAG FROM HIGH-PHOSPHORUS IRON ORE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2025-7-5-13Keywords:
high-phosphorus iron ore, hydrogen reduction, selective iron reduction, phosphorus, calcium phosphates, separation melting, soft iron, phosphorus-rich slagAbstract
The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the selective reduction of iron from high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore using hydrogen. It is shown that hydrogen, as an alternative to carbon monoxide, enables the production of metallic iron with low phosphorus content at relatively low temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to determine the phase composition of the samples after reduction roasting. During hydrogen reduction, α-iron is formed, while phosphorus remains in the form of iron, calcium, and aluminum phosphates. Micro X-ray spectral analysis revealed that at a reduction temperature of 900 ℃, phosphorus is virtually absent in the metallic phase. However, during the smelting of hydrogen-metallized samples at 1600 ℃, phosphorus transfers into the metallic phase due to its redistribution between slag and metallic iron under the influence of high temperature. To prevent this, lime was added to the crushed raw ore before smelting. The resulting mixture was roasted in a Nabertherm muffle furnace in an air atmosphere at 1200 ℃ for 1 hour. Roasting leads to the decomposition of iron phosphate and the formation of more stable calcium phosphates. As a result, hydrogen reduction of fluxed samples followed by smelting allows for the production of low-phosphorus soft iron and phosphorus-rich slag. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, a process flowsheet and a set of equipment were proposed for processing high-phosphorus iron ore to obtain soft iron and phosphorus-containing slag.
References
БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ СПИСОК
Pei M., Petäjäniemi M., Regnell A., Wijk O. Toward a fossil free future with HYBRIT: Development of iron and steelmaking technology in Sweden and Finland // Metals. 2020. V. 10, Iss. 7. 972. DOI: 10.3390/met10070972.
Huss J., Vickerfält A., Kojola N. Some aspects of the melting and dephosphorization mechanism of hydrogen‐DRI // Steel Research International. 2023. V. 94, Iss. 10. 2300064. DOI: 10.1002/srin.202300064.
Huang J., Liu J., Zhang H., Guo Y. Sustainable risk analysis of China’s overseas investment in iron ore // Resources Policy. 2020. V. 68. 101771. DOI: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2020.101771.
Quast K. A review on the characterisation and processing of oolitic iron ores // Minerals Engineering. 2018. V. 126. P. 89–100. DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.06.018.
Rudmin M. A., Mazurov A. K. Oolitic ores in the Bakchar iron-ore cluster (Tomsk Oblast) // Doklady Earth Scienc-es. 2016. V. 471. P. 1238–1241. DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X16120126.
Лютоев В. П., Силаев В. И., Лысюк А. Ю., Шевчук С. С. Керченские оолитовые железные руды и возможно-сти их технологической модификации // Вестник Института геологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН. 2016. № 1 (253). С. 18–29. DOI: 10.19110/2221-1381-2016-1-18-29.
Chen C., Zhang Y., Zou K., Zhang F. Flotation dephosphorization of high-phosphorus oolitic ore // Minerals. 2023. V. 13, Iss. 12. 1485. DOI: 10.3390/min13121485.
Xia W., Ren Z., Gao Y. Removal of phosphorus from high phosphorus iron ores by selective HCl leaching method // Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2011. V. 18. P. 1–4. DOI: 10.1016/S1006-706X(11)60055-1.
Wang H. H., Li G. Q., Zhao D. etc. Dephosphorization of high phosphorus oolitic hematite by acid leaching and the leaching kinetics // Hydrometallurgy. 2017. V. 171. P. 61–68. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2017.04.015.
Sun Y. S., Han Y. X., Gao P. etc. Recovery of iron from high phosphorus oolitic iron ore using coal-based reduction followed by magnetic separation // International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials. 2013. V. 20. P. 411–419. DOI: 10.1007/s12613-013-0744-1.
Wu S., Sun T., Kou J., Gao E. Green and efficient separation of iron and phosphorus from high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore by reduction roasting without a dephosphorization agent // Process Safety and Environmental Protection. 2023. V. 176. P. 304–315. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.05.095.
Yu W., Sun T., Kou J. etc. The function of Ca(OH)2 and Na2CO3 as additive on the reduction of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite-coal mixed pellets // ISIJ International. 2013. V. 53, Iss. 3. P. 427–433. DOI: 10.2355/isijinternational.53.427.
Wu S., Sun T., Kou J., Li X. Pilot study of high-phosphorus oolitic iron ore for iron recovery and dephosphorization by direct reduction–magnetic separation // Chinese Journal of Engineering. 2022. V. 44, Iss. 5. P. 849–856. DOI: 10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2020.11.29.002.
Сулеймен Б., Салихов С. П., Рощин В. Е. Особенности морфологии железной руды Аятского месторождения // Черная металлургия. Бюллетень научно-технической и экономической информации. 2022. Т. 78. № 1. С. 7–14.
Suleimen B., Salikhov S. P. Behavior of extrusion briquettes (Brex) and pellets from oolite iron ore in solid-phase metallization // AIP Conference Proceedings. 2022. V. 2456, Iss. 1. 020054. DOI: 10.1063/5.0075188.
Guo L., Gao J. T., Zhong Sh. P., Guo Zh. Ch. Phosphorus migration mechanism between iron and high phosphorus gangue phase at high temperatures // Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. 2019. V. 26. P. 113–122. DOI: 10.1007/s42243-018-0079-2.
Сулеймен Б. Селективное восстановление железа в высокофосфористых оолитовых рудах с получением малофосфористого металла // Черная металлургия. Бюллетень научно-технической и экономической ин-формации. 2022. Т. 79. № 12. С. 1031–1038.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 ЧЕРНАЯ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ. Бюллетень научно-технической и экономической информации
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
