STUDIES OF A SATURATED CHROME LAYER ON THE SURFACE OF STEEL UNDER PLASMA HEATING
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2024-12-45-51Keywords:
stratifications, reservoir, mechanical properties, steel structure, flaw detectionAbstract
In this paper, the possibility of saturation of the surface of low-carbon steels with chromium during plasma heating is considered. The analysis of existing methods of surface chrome plating of metals is carried out. The mechanism of diffusion saturation of metal with chromium can be considered as a complex process consisting of separate stages: formation of active chromium atoms near the surface or directly on the metal surface; sorption of atoms by the metal surface; diffusion of chromium atoms into the metal. The results of preliminary experiments on chrome plating of the surface layer using plasma heating are presented. In this experiment, under the action of a plasma arc, the following reactions are possible: the reduction of chromium from chromium oxide with the formation of chromium carbides Cr7C3 and Cr23C6; the formation of complex carbide-cementites (Fe, Cr)3C or (Cr, Fe)23C6. The authors proceeded from the hypothesis that if the amount of chromium in the hardened layer is in the range of 0.3–0.5% (based on X-ray analysis), therefore, in this case all chromium atoms exist in the form of a solid solution. It is known that chromium has an atomic radius r = 0.128 nm, close to the radius of iron r = 0.126 nm, but much larger than the radius of carbon r = 0.07 nm. Thus, the presence of a chromium atom together with a carbon atom in the α-lattice of iron increases the strength of the martensite lattice due to solid-phase hardening, and consequently the microhardness increases (up to 12,000 MPa). Such quantitative values of microhardness are not obtained by other cementation methods. It is proved that saturation of the metal surface with chromium from the paste during plasma heating can lead to the formation of a diffusion chrome-plated layer of steel. New additional studies of the surface layer structure and analysis of the parameters of plasma surface chrome treatment processes will be required in order to achieve the formation of high-quality chrome plating of the surface by creating a coating.
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