FORMATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR IMPACT RESISTANCE AND WEAR RESISTANCE OF GRINDING BALLS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2024-9-39-47Keywords:
steel grinding balls, impact resistance, wear resistance, splitting, ball-on-ball testingAbstract
The article presents the results of a study of the operation processes of steel grinding balls in semi-autogenous grinding mills (SAG). It was determined that the balls experience both abrasive and impact loads. The properties of steel grinding balls with the same production technology are determined by the chemical composition and the formed microstructure over the entire cross-section of the ball. Balls made using 3 different technologies were studied. The balls of sets 1 and 2 show high hardness values at the surface, sufficient to ensure good resistance to wear during operation, and a sharp decrease in hardness at a distance of ~(15–20) mm from the surface as the volume of pearlite structures increases. At the same time, the balls of the 1st and 2nd sets showed low values of impact strength and insufficient resistance to impact. The lowest hardness values from the surface to the center were observed for set 3. Also, the highest mass loss during the abrasive wear test was recorded for set 3, which is explained by the lowest hardness values. The balls of set 3 showed higher values of impact strength and no splitting during the ball-on-ball test, which is explained by the soft ferrite-pearlite structure both on the surface and across the cross section of the ball, due to the reduced carbon content and the presence of nickel in the chemical composition. At the same time, the balls from set 3 showed the worst result in terms of abrasive wear. In the course of the conducted research, it was established that for successful operation in SAG, steel grinding balls must have a surface with high hardness due to the martensitic structure and a viscous core with a ferrite-pearlite structure. A promising direction in the development of technology for the production of steel grinding balls will be to obtain a steel ball microstructure that decreases uniformly from the surface to the center, which will allow maintaining high wear resistance and increasing the resistance to ball splitting.
References
Ajaal T., Smith R. W., Yen W. T. The Development and Characterization of a Ball Mill for Mechanical Alloy-ing // Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly. 2002. V. 41. № 1. C. 7–14.
Wills B. A., Napier-Munn T. J. Mineral Processing Technology // Elsevier Science & Technology Books. 7th Edi-tion. 2006. — 450 p.
Zoz H., Reichardt R., Kim J. S. Application and Design of Drum Mills, PM²TEC’2002 // Proceedings of the World Congress on Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, 16–21 June 2002, Orlando. FL. USA. P. 1–12.
Powell M. S., Smit I., Radziszewski P. etc. The Selection and Design of Mill Liners // Advances in Comminution. Ed. S. K. Kawatra. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc., Colorado, USA. 2006. P. 331–376.
Deniz V. A. Study on the Specific Rate of Breakage of Cement Materials in a Laboratory Ball Mill // Cement and Concrete Research. 2003. V. 33. P. 439–445.
Erdem A. S., Ergun S. L. The Effect of Ball Size on Breakage Rate Parameter in a Pilot Scale Ball Mill // Miner-als Engineering. 2009. V. 22. P. 660–664.
Fuerstenau D. W., Lutch J. J., De A. The Effect of Ball Size on the Energy Efficiency of Hybrid High-Pressure Roll Mill/Ball Mill Grinding // Powder Technology. 1999. V. 105. P. 199–204.
Kotake N., Daibo K., Yamamoto T., Kanda Y. Experimental Investigation on a Grinding Rate Constant of Sol-id Materials by a Ball Mill – Effect of Ball Diameter and Feed Size // Powder Technology. 2004. V. 143–144. P. 196–203.
Shi F. Comparison of Grinding Media – Cylpebs Versus Balls // Minerals Engineering. 2004. V. 17. P. 1259–1268.
Kuzev L., Penchev T., Karastoyanov D. New Shape Milling Bodies for Ball Mills // Problems of Engineering Cybernetics and Robotics. 2009. V. 61. P. 11–19.
Адигамов Р. Р., Никишин И. А., Жителев П. С. и др. Опыт освоения производства стальных мелющих шаров в ПАО «Северсталь» // Сталь. 2022. № 3. С. 13–18.
Пат. 2801912 РФ, МПК В21Н 1/14, С21Д 9/36, С22С 38/32. Способ производства мелющих шаров / Р. Р. Адигамов, А. Р. Андреев, И. А. Никишин и др. // Заявл. 09.11.2022; опубл. 18.08.2023. Бюл. № 23.
Пат. 2790842 РФ, МПК В21Н 1/14, С21Д 9/36, С22С 38/32, В23Р 15/00. Способ производства мелющих шаров (варианты) / Р. Р. Адигамов, А. Р. Андреев, И. А. Никишин и др. // Заявл. 24.02.2022; опубл. 28.02.2023. Бюл. № 7.
Пат. 2790722 РФ, МПК В21Н 1/14, С21Д 9/36, С22С 38/32, В23Р 15/00. Способ производства мелющих шаров / П. А. Мишнев, Р. Р. Адигамов, Е. Р. Шихметов и др.// Заявл. 25.02.2022; опубл. 28.02.2023. Бюл. № 7.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 ЧЕРНАЯ МЕТАЛЛУРГИЯ. Бюллетень научно-технической и экономической информации
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
